ARTB label

An example of an ARTB

Taken from the acronym “All Round The Box” to mean a continuous matchbox label that wraps around all four faces of an outerbox, both ends overlapping to hold the outerbox in shape. ARTB labels consist of five panels.  They are typical of many British matchbox labels but were used in other countries. After an ARTB label was affixed to the outerbox the striking surface was applied.  For safety matches a compound was “painted” on one or both sides.  For strike-anywhere matches a striking surface was affixed on one or both sides.  Evidence of the striking compound usually remains on used ARTB labels for safety matches.

Banderole

Banderole

tax seal applied to a matchbox long enough to seals both ends to demonstrate it has not been previously opened and that tax has been paid. When each end is sealed with separate labels they are termed tax seals. See also tax seal and tax stamp.

Bengal matches

Bengal Matches are a special type of pyrotechnic match that generally burn for a longer time than ordinary matches and give off a brightly coloured flame when burning. They have a wooden splint and two composition parts : one at the tip to initiate combustion, and the other adjoining the head along a long length of the splint. Bengal matches are still manufactured today that flare either green, red or silver, and most are made in India.

Block

Mint matchbox labels arranged in a pair, a single row or column or several rows or columns cut from a printer’s sheet (q.v.), often comprising a set and usually being originally sourced from a match factory. It is recommended that a block remain uncut unless you can arrange to have it accurately cut into separate matchbox labels using a guillotine. Badly cut labels, especially with scissors can be made worthless.

Note that some dozen labels have the appearance of a block of two. Sometimes the only difference between such dozen labels and their matchbox label counterparts is the absence of crop marks in the apparent block.

Booklet

Alternative but now rarely used term for bookmatch (matchbook). Probably still in use because of its inclusion in the original name of our Society, which was the ‘British Matchbox Label and Booklet Society’. The founder members agreed to this title in 1945.

Bookmatch

match from a matchbook. Matchbooks are often incorrectly called bookmatches. The term is still frequently used by British collectors. North American collectors preferring the term matchbook.

Caddy

A box or carton holding typically 50 matchbooks.

Capsule

Capsule

A capsule is a term used in Swedish factories and by collectors to describe a bundle of matches wrapped in paper. This type of packaging was often found on early Swedish matches.

Case

A wooden crate or cardboard box intended to safely contain for transportation more than one gross matchboxes.  Typically used to transport 12 gross packets or 10 hundred packets.

Collectors’ labels

Labels primarily intended for sale to, or exchange with, phillumenists and not intended for use on matchboxes though some may be affixed to matchboxes in an attempt to legitimise them.  They cannot be considered to be matchbox labels.

Colour proof

A test printing of an single colour or way taken prior to a multicoloured item being printed. Items cut from colour proofs are sometimes offered to collectors as genuine items. Any mint examples cut from colour proofs might be collected as a curiosity but they should be considered as waste from the printing process having no value. 

However, used examples from colour proofs can be an indicator of prevailing economic constraints or quality standards and their brevity in production can make them sought after. See also printer’s proof and printer’s pull.

Colour shift

Registration is the alignment of the printing plates as they apply their respective colour portion of the image being printed. Colour shift occurs when one or more printing plates are out of alignment. Where designs involve printing plates with areas of dots or lines close to dots or lines of differing colours are misaligned then seemingly dramatic colour variations and design variations can be produced. Such variations cannot be considered as a different design.

Dozen packet

packet containing several matchboxes.  The term is derived from a packet containing a dozen (12) matchboxes but is also used to describe packets containing ten (10); a  half-dozen (6); or three (3) matchboxes.

English written (sic)

An term supposed to describe a category of matchbox label with English words only.  Its use is, in itself, a travesty of  English because of its appalling bad grammar.  It would not be considered correct in any of the variants of English found throughout the world unless it is meant to mean labels written by an English person – in this case it would include labels designed by an English person writing in a foreign language and exclude labels incorporating only English words but designed by a non-English person.  A better term would be English language matchbox label.  It should be noted that many English written (sic) labels have titles that cannot be found in English dictionaries and strictly should not be considered as collectable by those seeking this category.

Essay

An essay is an item representing or incorporating or comprising a matchbox label or skillet or outerbox or matchbook cover or matchbook that has been hand-drawn or cut and pasted or trial printed or mocked-up or prepared in any way for the purpose of being considered for production.

Firelighter Matches / Firestarter Matches / Strikeable Firelighters

Firelighter Matches / Firestarter Matches / Strikeable Firelighters

Firelighter matches (Firestarter Matches / Strikeable Firelighters) are made of a mixture of wooden chips and paraffin wax, and have a match composition head. Typically 40% wood and 60% wax. The carton or box having a safety match striking surface. Recent innovation, c1980s.

These packs are not yet thought of as in the mainstream by matchbox collectors, but there is likely to be an increasing interest in these cartons by collectors. They could form an interesting specialist collection. Collectors could arrange them in two categorises, the firelighter/firestarter packs themselves and matchboxes that have included in their design advertising for “Firelighter/Firestarter” matches.

 

Flat

Flat

A matchbook cover before bookmatches are attached and formed into a matchbook. Flats can have a striking surface and score lines for folds. If there is no evidence of it being formed into a matchbook nor having bookmatches attached it is considered a flat. The majority of phillumenists do not keep flats and consequently are considered to have little or no financial value.

Fliptop

Fliptop matchbox

A type of matchbox, made of card, where access to the matches is achieved by pulling back the top that is attached to the box.

Grip

Grip (to hold a matchbox)

A type of slide covering three sides of a matchbox whilst exposing one of its strikers.

Gross packet

packet containing several packets of matchboxes.  The term is derived from a packet containing a total of 1 gross (1 gross = 12 dozen = 12 x 12 = 144) matchboxes.  The most common configurations are:  gross packet – twelve dozen packets (12 x 12 = 144); hundred packet- ten ten packets (10 x 10 = 100); half-gross packet – twelve half-dozen packets (12 x 6 = 72).

Harlequin Match

Harlequin matches in casket style card container
Harlequin matches in casket style card container

The Harlequin match is essentially an ordinary wood splint friction match, where the match head is made in various colours and packed in decorative containers. These containers and matches give a visual multi-coloured impact. Although mostly associated with Bryant & May, similar matches and containers were first produced in Germany.

In 1927 Bryant & May started to produce what became an extensive range, sold in decorative card containers, and registered the ‘Harlequin’ as a Trademark in 1928. In 1956 Bryant & May launched Harlequin matches in Plastic containers, of round and square shape with fitted lids. In 1969 their Harlequin matches were sold in flip top rectangular plastic containers.

Innerbox

The match industry term for the open top box containing matches that fits inside the outerbox of a matchbox. Some phillumenists call the innerbox the tray.

Insert

Insert is a term given to any item placed within a matchbox, other than the matches themselves. Usually they are separate pieces of card or paper placed within a matchbox by the manufacturer. Their purpose was perhaps to reduce their movement in transit or to hold the matches in place during the opening of the matchbox. In many instances they are printed with advertising messages and are often also enhanced with illustrations. In other cases they were included as “picture” cards, to be collected into sets. The maker hoping that this would encourage repeat sales.

Spanish Inserts from Series 1 to 6

The most well-known of the Inserts are those used within Spanish springflap matchboxes, issued during the period 1898 to 1929 where they were issued to form sets. These are known as the “fototipias” series in Spain. But Spain was not alone, South Africa, Belgium, Columbia and Mexico are also known to have issued collectable “picture cards” within their matchboxes. Britain has also used a card Insert within matchboxes. Swan Vestas was one such brand, where some cards gave details of an insurance policy operating during WWI. “Match-head Papers” are a type of Insert. Typically used in Swedish matchboxes. These are small rectangular pieces of paper, usually part printed and part plain, and folded into an “L” shape and placed within “sliding drawer” matchboxes, at one end of the inner and cover the match heads.

Inserts are treated by many Phillumenists as a matchbox label.

Intended

Used in many of the terms in this Glossary to indicate that an item was intended to be used with matches. This implies that both used and mint examples can be found. The majority of matchbox labels in collections are mint, and most were printed with the intention of being used to label matches; though some were printed in excess to supply phillumenists. However, some labels were printed solely for phillumenists with none being applied to matchboxes or a very few to try to validate them as matchbox labels. See also collectors’ labels and sticker.

Match

A splint with a match-head.

Matches

A piece of rigid material (splint), such as wood or card, tipped with a pyrotechnic composition that can be ignited by friction. There are many types of match such as Lucifer (an early friction match), Congreve (an early friction match), Vesta (a small size of match usually with a wax stem), Fusee, Vesuvian, Flamer (these have a larger head to provide a longer burn time outdoors in windy or other adverse conditions, these include Storm match, Windproof match, Waterproof match, Bengal match, Incense match, Smoke match.

Match wrapper

A printed paper used to wrap a number of matches.  Such labels are very old and rare.  Most match wrappers contained matches that did not need the special striking surface on a matchbox such as sulphur matches.  Some match wrappers enclosed a piece of striking surface with the matches.  Use the full term match wrapper (rather than just wrapper) to avoid confusion with matchbox wrapperdozen wrapper; or gross wrapper.

Match-head

The dried chemical mixture on the head of a splint.

Match-head paper

Match-head paper (label)

Match-head paper (label) are a type of Insert. Typically used in Swedish matchboxes. These are small rectangular pieces of paper, usually part printed and part plain, and folded into an “L” shape and placed within “sliding drawer” matchboxes, at one end of the inner and cover the match heads.

Matchbook cover

Matchbook cover

The part of a matchbook that contains bookmatches.  The commonly collected part of a matchbook with bookmatches and staple removed and unfolded flat.

Matchbook holder

The standard term for a device to hold or encase a matchbook whilst allowing its use within the matchbook holder.

Matchbox

Matchbox, complete with its original matche

A term for any type of box that was intended to contain matches and last long enough for the matches to be used. The most common type of matchbox consists of an outerbox and innerbox. See also fliptop, pillbox.

Matchbox holder

The standard term for a device to hold or encase a matchbox whilst allowing its use within the matchbox holder.

Matchcase

A match holder for strike-anywhere matches incorporating a permanent striking surface and designed to be carried safely in a pocket.

Neighboured

Neighboured describes the condition of a skillet that has been thinned by paring away the cardboard backing.

This treatment of skillets was heavily practised by Peter Neighbour. Other collectors have also adopted the practice.

Neighboured skillets are considered to be rendered damaged and incomplete. It is on a par with cutting or trimming matchbox labels.

This term was coined by Kevin McCarthy. 

Parlor size

A standard term for a matchbox approximately 7 – 13 cm long, 6 – 9 cm wide and 1 – 5 cm deep typically containing 100 to 500 matches. Popular in USA. Note American English spelling of parlor.

Phillumenist

A person who engages in the hobby of phillumeny.

Any modern comprehensive English dictionary will include a definition of phillumenist though few list phillumeny.  Even authorities such as Encarta include a definition of phillumenist. The etymology is from the Greek philo- (love) and Latin lumen (light). The word was coined by Mrs Marjorie S Evans in 1930s.

Some phillumenists attempt in vain to reject this appellation on the grounds they are not “light lovers”. In this they fail to grasp the construction of this English word.

Consider the etymology of a similar English word philately from the French philatélie which is constructed from Greek philo- (love)  and Latin ateleia (exemption of toll). No one uses the term philatelist for a tax evader.  The exemption of toll recognises that the introduction of postage stamps made the sender responsible for the cost of carriage freeing the receiver from a charge (exemption of toll) that had been the practice before postage stamps. A collector of stamps “likes” (philo) carriage paid receipts (ateleia). So why don’t stamp collectors just call themselves  stamp collectors? Some do, but philatelists collect other items associated with stamps such as first day covers, booklets, etc.

Now consider “matchbox label collectors” who call themselves “matchbox label collectors”.  Few if any confine themselves to collecting matchbox labels alone because they will include in their collections other items such as skillets, packet labels (these are match labels, not matchbox labels), complete matchboxes, matchbook covers. It is disingenuous for these “matchbox label collectors” to declare that phillumenist doesn’t describe their activity just because they don’t fully appreciate the derivation and accepted meaning of the word.

As well as many English dictionaries recognising the word phillumenist, we must acknowledge that phillumenist has entered many other languages in forms English speakers will readily recognise such as: philuméniste, fillumenista, Filumenist, филуменист. Phillumenist is a truly international term. Phillumenists should be proud to call themselves Phillumenists.  No other one word better describes their hobby.

Phillumeny

A hobby that includes the collecting of: matchbox labels, skillets, matchboxes, and their packaging; matchbook covers, matchbooks, and their packaging; and match holders, matchbox holders and matchbook holders. Margery Evans is credited with coining the term “Phillumeny” in 1943 – she was a prominent pre-war collector and President of the British Union of Match Box Collectors.

The collecting of firemaking appliances is not considered to be part of phillumeny despite some phillumenists also collecting them. For the etymology of phillumeny see phillumenist.

Press proof

A press proof is a printer’s proof printed using the same plates, same inks, but possibly a similar rather than the same type of press as the proposed print run. A contract proof is a printer’s proof printed using the same plates, same inks and same machine as the proposed print run.

Printer’s proof

A printer’s proof in phillumeny is usually a press proof (q.v.) or contract proof. A printer’s proof can not be produced at the beginning of a print run but only some time before a print run.  The printer’s proof will always have the function of being the clients approval of the content of the print. The printer’s proof may also be used as a standard for the print run to match. Each printer’s proot will be signed or stamped or otherwised marked by the client to indicate their approval.  There are usually two printer’s proofs, one for the printer and one for the client. There may be additional copies for archiving and head office functions but it would be most unlikely to produce more than perhaps six printer’s proofs for any print run with a tendency to have fewer. So every printer’s proof is a rare item, but it does not necessarily make them collectable. If a printer’s proof is unmarked for approval it is not a printer’s proof.

N.B. Many modern uncut sheets of labels are often described as printer’s proofs when they are in fact just print samples taken from the print run Today many modern so called printer’s proofs the initial prints that are produced at the start of a print run whilst the printer makes adjustments to achieve acceptable prints. They can be produced with one, more or all colours, too much or too little ink and can be on different paper. Items cut from printer’s pulls are sometimes offered to collectors as genuine items. Any mint examples cut from printer’s pulls might be collected as a curiosity but they should be considered as waste from the printing process having no value.  However, used examples from printer’s pulls can be an indicator of prevailing economic constraints or quality standards and their brevity in production can make them sought after. See also colour proof.

Printer’s pulls

Printer’s pulls are the initial prints that are produced at the start of a print run whilst the printer makes adjustments to achieve acceptable prints. They can be produced with one, more or all colours, too much or too little ink and can be on different paper. Items cut from printer’s pulls are sometimes offered to collectors as genuine items. Any mint examples cut from printer’s pulls might be collected as a curiosity but they should be considered as waste from the printing process having no value. However, used examples from printer’s pulls can be an indicator of prevailing economic constraints or quality standards and their brevity in production can make them sought after. See also colour proof.

Printer’s sheet

A sheet of labels as produced by the printer before it is converted (cut) into separate blocks (q.v.) or matchlabels.

It is recommended that a printer’s sheet remain uncut unless you can arrange to have it accurately cut into separate matchlabels using a guillotine. Badly cut labels, especially with scissors can be made worthless.

It is possible that whole printer’s sheets can be more valuable than the sum of the individual labels in the sheet.

Pullmatch

Pullmatches

A type of friction match provided with a special container such that when the match is pulled from the container, the match head is dragged over a surface coated with match striker composition and ignites.

 

Pyrogène

The French term for a porcelain match or matchbox holder with a striking surface. Pyrogène were to be commonly found on tables in hotels, bars, restaurants and cafés on the continent during La Belle Époque circa 1870-1941

Safety Match (SAF)

A type of friction match where the match composition is in part contained in the match head and the other part coated on a special striking surface on the match container. This makes them “safe” because combustion can only occur when the two surfaces are rubbed together.

Saloon label

A label pasted on the side of a pillbox, usually in two pieces: one for the removable top part and one for the bottom part containing the matches. Sometimes the top of a pillbox needs to be turned in register to the bottom to create the overall design.  See pillbox label for a circular label on the top of a cylindrical box.

Why were they called saloon labels?  Let us know if you know?

Sending matches in the post

In the UK the Royal Mail puts restrictions on sending matches and flammable materials (solids, liquids and gases) in the post. The regulations specifically state that matches (including safety matches and windproof matches) are not allowed in the mail. Other countries have similar restrictions.

The Society reminds members of their obligation in respect of these regulations and does not support any member in breach of them.

Skillet

Skillet (direct printed card outer)

Phillumenists use skillet to describe a pre-printed, pre-cut, pre-scored, piece of cardboard intended to be formed into an outerbox of a matchbox. However, the match industry uses skillet in a more general sense to mean any pre-cut piece of veneer or card that is a part of a matchbox. Therefore skillet can mean a pre-cut piece of flat card or wooden veneer that is folded into the outerbox of a matchbox whether or not it has been printed or whether or not it will have a label affixed. Skillet can also mean the single flat cut piece of card or pieces (rim and bottom) of veneer or card that an innerbox is made from.

It is not possible to unfold a skillet, for as soon as a skillet has been folded it can never revert to being a skillet. Therefore there can be no such thing as a flattened skillet.

Slide

Slide (to hold a matchbox)

Usually metal and designed as an external sleeve over the outerbox of a conventional matchbox whilst allowing normal operation of the innerbox and partially obscured strikers. Used to prolong the life of a fragile wooden matchbox or change its appearance. See also grip.

Springflap

Springflap – complete matchbox
Springflap outer opened out flat

A type of matchbox where, when the innerbox is pulled from the outerbox with one open end, and a flap energised by an elastic band flips out such that the innerbox can be returned by flipping back the flap.

What should we call this type of matchbox when there is no elastic band fitted? A flap box?

Stand

Usually ornamental and designed for use on tables and shelves, it is shaped to allow an outerbox of a matchbox to fit on it vertically with the innerbox partially pushed up. The stand is usually heavy enough to take a match and strike it on the matchbox single handed.

Stick

A stick that has a matchhead applied.

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